Month: September 2016

GE’s Graduate Engineering Training Programme Is Giving Women The Opportunity To Excel

GE’s offer of best-in-class training for young engineers, known as the Graduate Engineering Training Programme, is open to women and men alike. However, women in technical positions the world over are  frequently in the minority. We recently caught up with two female  participants to chat about their experience and to hear their take on women  involvement in the sector.

Claudia Giurriuta, 31, is from Mozambique and has an interest in subsea drilling. She sees an opportunity to apply her technical knowledge in her home country, where gas is a significant sector.

“My father is an auto electrician. When I  was a child, I used to see my father working at home on weekends and I used to ask questions and spend my time with him. So I realised that I liked what he was doing because it involves technology. It’s not just about using tools. There was more to what he was doing, so my passion for engineering started then,” she says.

She’s one of only two women in the programme. “At the university, we were only two girls in the class with about 30 boys and I got used to the situation. Even as a woman, I have knowledge and the ability to face any professional situation the same way men do,” she says.

Giurriuta faced significant opposition in her career choice. “My father didn’t agree about my choice to be an engineer. He said engineering is not for women and my mother wanted me to be a lawyer. So I had to lie for one year that I was studying to be a lawyer. When I told them I was studying engineering, they didn’t support me at first, so I explained to them that it’s what I want to do professionally and it’s what I’m happy doing. Nowadays, they are proud of me. I am the only woman engineer in my family.”

Marian Muthui, 26, from Nairobi, Kenya, was attracted to engineering because she believes it is a field that has the greatest potential for social impact as it seeks to solve the world’s most “pressing issues”.

“From a young age, I loved science-based subjects and would often tinker with everything I could get my hands on. I would take things apart and put them back together just to try to understand their intricacies and how they worked,” she says.

When she has completed the GETP,  Muthui would like to focus on the energy field as she believes there is a proven correlation between energy security and economic development. “My  future interests are in research and development of various microgeneration technologies in renewable power and transportation,” she says.

Muthui has a mechanical  engineering degree and joined the GETP when it was still being conceptualised. She says she expected to be in the minority. “Sadly, this is not a strange phenomenon. It has been this way since my days in university and it still persists now in the job  market. But, I am optimistic that this will change as the number of women in engineering increases,” she says.

“The programme has been a great opportunity to increase my technical skills and to network with various business leaders. It has definitely been challenging, but I have used those challenges as an opportunity to learn and grow,” she says.

Luckily, Muthui has always had the support of her family to rely on. “Despite the fact that we did not know a single engineer, we educated ourselves on the topic  and saw it as a perfect fit for me in accomplishing my future goals,” she says.

To encourage more girls and young women to study science and engineering, Muthui says exposure is the key factor. “Most young women do not know what exactly engineers do and some believe that it is a  field just for men. In my downtime, I hold workshops with young high-school girls to mentor and encourage them to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. This is my personal contribution to increasing  the number of women in engineering,” she says.

Ethiopia: Boosting Energy to Combat Development Challenges

By Zelalem Girma

A large number of people in developing countries are still poor, undernourished, and with no adequate health-care facility. They don't have access to clean water, and are facing challenges such as in alleviating climate change and in enhancing their development processes.

Both the environmental and development challenges are coming together to hurt the poor of developing countries as well as the world at large. Thus, developing countries like Ethiopia need a new economic and environmental scheme to tackle both climate change and development challenges.

The current economic model, which is just copied from the American and European, could neither solve the developmental nor the environmental challenges. Hence, developing countries need a new economic model, which not only serves the larger poor and the vulnerable but also ensures to protect the environment.

In Ethiopia, about 20 per cent of the total population is poor, and with no access to electricity. The poor is also affected by diseases. The forest coverage was 40 per cent in Ethiopia at one point in time. But currently, it is about 10 per cent. This indicates that the forest coverage has been lost in the effort to utilize the forest resources for cooking and construction purposes.

The destruction of forest also leads to soil erosion and loss of soil fertility. That in turn affects ground water boost undesirably. Hence, when there is high run off, the agriculture sector will suffer a lot.

Ethiopia must develop using its large number of renewable energy potentials. Recognizing the fact, Ethiopia has been building small, medium and large dams. This could help the country harness its resources and provide electricity for its people abundantly.
 

Though Ethiopia is rich in sunshine and wind, the country needs to promote hydro-power and wind-generated energy to provide electricity for the people.

In any case, generating electricity is still not sufficient, it needs to promote something like social forestry. Indeed, there are two kinds of forestry development approaches. One is conservation of forest for environmental reasons and the other is social forest where you grow trees because you cut trees for different purposes. We all need trees. We need wood for cooking foods, making furniture, and for various other purposes. So, Ethiopia should have a programme of social forestry where the people grow their own trees and for their demand.

This is the way Ethiopia has to move. Developing countries do not need to follow American way of using gas to cook food. Gas is fossil fuel and would cause to bring climate related disasters. Ethiopia has the opportunity to move to renewable energy sources such as hydro-power, wind energy, and social forestry, to meet the needs of the poor and to meet environmental and developmental needs.

Consequently, developing countries should look into different solutions; and do not have to copy the model from developed countries. They have the opportunity to develop various sources in a friendly manner.

Any countries want development because they want to be happy, to prosper, to proceed, and need our environment to be sustainable so that our development lasts not only for us but also for our children in the future.
 

Our forefathers both in Ethiopia used the environment abundantly, and they preserved the environment properly. But, the current concern is on the economic development only.

Such problems are not only confined to Ethiopia, these are everywhere in developing countries. That is governments at all levels have to reconsider and take steps. Individuals, farmers, students, teachers, government, donor society and all others who support development, should provide emphasis to the environment.

In doing so, the concerned bodies would understand the linkages between development and environment. When understand the impacts of development they would reduce the negative impacts.

To curb the challenges of climate change and development, knowledge, understanding and research are needed. Researches should be done locally on local environmental systems. Knowledge coming from Europe or anywhere else may not be directly applicable to Ethiopia. What we need is to understand our own system here in the highland Ethiopian agriculture. When we develop our agriculture, we can develop our business, and keep our local environment safe and sustainable.

Every stakeholder ought to make efforts to incorporate environment and development together and to take development to the general public especially to the farmers in the villages of Ethiopia who are producing food.

Though this agricultural productivity has been bolstering by small farmers scattered all over Ethiopia, they need support, and input. This input comes from governmental or other non-governmental organizations. Governments should acquire fundamental understanding about the causes and effects of environmental degradation, and on the ways of developing the agriculture productivity.
 

Of course, energy is a very important issue. The villagers do not get enough electricity or fossil fuel. Thus, they depend on biomass energy which comes from wood and forest. They are obliged to utilize forest and wood that causes deforestation. They need safe and clean energy.

Ethiopia has rich energy sources from its many rivers. Its rivers are potential source of hydroelectric energy. Although there may have very small hydroelectric projects undertaken in small courses with only 2000, 4000 megawatt usages, the energy from small units cannot supply full electricity service to all villages sustainably. Though biomass fuel comes from forest and agriculture waste, the villagers may not stop using biomass fuel for their social purposes.

Therefore, Countries would use these renewable energy resources to increase soil fertility and high agricultural production. In this regard, countries also need to look for energy from hydroelectric projects, solar and wind energy. Consequently, this would enable people stop using biomass energy, and reinforce Ethiopia to raise the people standard of living speedily.

On the other hand, education must meet the needs of the country. Students should have adequate facilities in the classrooms, as well as need to go to farms and industries to understand the basic knowledge. The Ethiopian education system also must meet the needs of the people.

Ghana: The Cedi Has Performed Worst Under Mahama – Bawumia

By Kwame Dankwah

Vice Presidential Candidate of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) Dr Mahamudu Bawumia

Vice Presidential Candidate of the New Patriotic Party (NPP) Dr Mahamudu Bawumia has lashed out at the economic prowess of the John Mahama-led government, saying it has done little to save the domestic currency.

According to Dr Bawumia, since 2001 the Cedi has performed worst between 2012 and 2016, the period of John Mahama's first term.

The former Deputy Governor of the Central Bank expressed these at an ongoing lecture at the National Theater.

The lecture is on the theme: 'The State of the Ghanaian Economy – A Foundation of Concrete or Straw'. The lecture is chaired by Former President John Agyekum Kufuor.

Nigeria: Tinubu, Gbajabiamila, Call for Patience, Endurance to Survive Economic Challenges

Sen. Bola Tinubu, a National leader of the All Progressives Congress (APC), has said that economic restrategising and replanning are necessary to achieve sustainable national prosperity.

Tinubu sais this after Eid prayers at Dodan Barracks praying ground in Lagos on Monday that lack of solid foundation contributed to the nation’s current economic situation.

“Without a good and solid foundation, we cannot achieve a sustainable economic prosperity. We depended solely on one channel of revenue.

“So, we need to restrategise and replan, but that planning period is always a very difficult period in any family, organisation and nation.

“That is what we are experiencing now, but it is for a better and stronger future.

“The political and economic stability we are enjoying in Lagos today is as a result of a solid foundation,” he said.

In her message, Lagos State Deputy Governor, Idiat Adebule, urged Nigerians to uphold the significance of Eid-el Kabir, total trust and obedience to God, to accelerate the pace of economic recovery.

Adebule also urged them to celebrate peacefully and reach out to the less privileged among them.

“We can only enjoy Allah’s favour when we totally trust and obey His will. He is our creator and He knows what is best for us as individuals and as a nation,” Adebule said.

Also, Rep Femi Gbajabiamila, leader, House of Representatives, called on Nigerians to be patient and not lose hope.

Gbajabiamila said that President Muhammadu Buhari was making effort to reform the economy.

“I urge us to be prayerful and by God’s grace we shall get better and stronger as a nation,” he said.

The Commissioner of Police in the state, Mr Fatai Owoseni, called for reflection on the significance of Eid-el Kabir and modest celebration to reduce crime.

Owoseni advised residents to be security conscious and cooperate with security agents to ensure a crime-free celebration.

In his words, Sheikh Garuba Akinola-Ibrahim, Chief Imam of Lagos, called for greater sacrifice from both government and citizens to survive the period of recession in the country.

“In the spirit of Eid-el Kabir, we urge the government to double up efforts to avoid our situation from getting to a critical stage which can rub off negatively on all government’s achievements so far.

“I also urged the citizens to exercise patience and be prayerful in this trying period.

“We need to focus on our strength in diversity and utilise our unique gifts to improve our present economy,” Akinola-Ibrahim said.

GE’s Graduate Engineering Training Programme Is Giving Women The Opportunity To Excel

GE’s offer of best-in-class training for young engineers, known as the Graduate Engineering Training Programme, is open to women and men alike. However, women in technical positions the world over are frequently in the minority. We recently caught up with two female participants to chat about their experience and to hear their take on women involvement in the sector.

Claudia Giurriuta, 31, is from Mozambique and has an interest in subsea drilling. She sees an opportunity to apply her technical knowledge in her home country, where gas is a significant sector.

“My father is an auto electrician. When I was a child, I used to see my father working at home on weekends and I used to ask questions and spend my time with him. So I realised that I liked what he was doing because it involves technology. It’s not just about using tools. There was more to what he was doing, so my passion for engineering started then,” she says.

She’s one of only two women in the programme. “At the university, we were only two girls in the class with about 30 boys and I got used to the situation. Even as a woman, I have knowledge and the ability to face any professional situation the same way men do,” she says.

Giurriuta faced significant opposition in her career choice. “My father didn’t agree about my choice to be an engineer. He said engineering is not for women and my mother wanted me to be a lawyer. So I had to lie for one year that I was studying to be a lawyer. When I told them I was studying engineering, they didn’t support me at first, so I explained to them that it’s what I want to do professionally and it’s what I’m happy doing. Nowadays, they are proud of me. I am the only woman engineer in my family.”

Marian Muthui, 26, from Nairobi, Kenya, was attracted to engineering because she believes it is a field that has the greatest potential for social impact as it seeks to solve the world’s most “pressing issues”.

“From a young age, I loved science-based subjects and would often tinker with everything I could get my hands on. I would take things apart and put them back together just to try to understand their intricacies and how they worked,” she says.

When she has completed the GETP, Muthui would like to focus on the energy field as she believes there is a proven correlation between energy security and economic development. “My future interests are in research and development of various microgeneration technologies in renewable power and transportation,” she says.

Muthui has a mechanical engineering degree and joined the GETP when it was still being conceptualised. She says she expected to be in the minority. “Sadly, this is not a strange phenomenon. It has been this way since my days in university and it still persists now in the job market. But, I am optimistic that this will change as the number of women in engineering increases,” she says.

“The programme has been a great opportunity to increase my technical skills and to network with various business leaders. It has definitely been challenging, but I have used those challenges as an opportunity to learn and grow,” she says.

Luckily, Muthui has always had the support of her family to rely on. “Despite the fact that we did not know a single engineer, we educated ourselves on the topic and saw it as a perfect fit for me in accomplishing my future goals,” she says.

To encourage more girls and young women to study science and engineering, Muthui says exposure is the key factor. “Most young women do not know what exactly engineers do and some believe that it is a field just for men. In my downtime, I hold workshops with young high-school girls to mentor and encourage them to pursue careers in science, technology, engineering and mathematics. This is my personal contribution to increasing the number of women in engineering,” she says.

$30 Billion to Benefit Farmers, Strengthening Africa’s Agriculture

Weiteithye Farmers Group in Mwala, Eastern Kenya, comprises about 100 small-scale farmers struggling with crop production, value addition and marketing of their produce.

Like other smallholder farmers in Africa, the Weiteithye group lacks access to inputs, financial services and skills in agri-business, efficient machinery for processing produce, market information, new technology, among others. David Mutiso, the group’s Chairman, is calling for support to promote agriculture into a profitable sector. “Most of the people in the rural areas like us depend on farming. The Government must make agriculture work for us; we need to earn proper income from agriculture,” he said.

It is farmers like Mutiso who are set to benefit from the US $30 billion pledged by major development institutions, the private sector and African leaders at the African Green Revolution Forum (AGRF) in Nairobi, Kenya.

The funds will support investments to increase production and income for smallholder farmers and local African agriculture businesses over the next decade. A session on “Making Political, Policy and Financial Commitments to Africa’s Agricultural Transformation” saw Kenya’s President, Uhuru Kenyatta, pledge US $200 million to support 150,000 young farmers and agricultural entrepreneurs to access markets, finance and insurance over the next five years.

The African Development Bank announced investments of US $24 billion in the coming decade to drive Africa’s agricultural transformation. “This is a 400% increase in financing to the agricultural sector by the Bank from its current levels of $600 million per year,” Chiji Ojukwu, Director of the Bank’s Agriculture and Agro-industries Department, remarked on behalf of Bank President Akinwumi Adesina.

The Bank’s contribution will support the private sector to unlock the potential of African agriculture. In his keynote addressdelivered on September 8, 2016 during a plenary session on the “Role of Policy in Enabling Public-Private Partnerships to Achieve African Agricultural Transformation”, President Adesina said, “Africa must seize this moment and prioritize investments in agriculture. It is time to support African farmers; African farmers cannot fail.”

The Africa Agriculture Status Report 2016, launched at the AGRF, highlights the importance of private-sector investment in all aspects of agriculture, such as inputs, as well as the agricultural value chain, including production, processing, marketing and transport.

A fertilizer firm, OCP Africa, committed to investing US $150 million over the next five years to support local fertilizer distribution, storage and blending, while the World Food Programme promised to purchase at least US $120 million each year in agricultural products from smallholder farmers through a partnership called the Patient Procurement Platform.

The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, for its part, pledged US $5 billion, a portion of which will go towards crop and livestock research, strengthening data, and improving systems to deliver innovation and information; and to provide better tools to farmers. The next six years will see Africa’s agriculture benefit from US $3 billion pledged by the International Fund for Agricultural Development.

The Rockefeller Foundation committed to contributing US $180 million towards investments in human resilience to catalyse agricultural transformation, while the Kenya Commerical Bank, East Africa’s largest commercial Bank will invest US $350 million in loans for smallholder farmers, 50,000 of them women and another 50,000 youth.

Targeting women and youth is priority for the AfDB. Through its Affirmative Finance Action for Women (AFAWA), the Bank will help to leverage US $3 billion for women farmers and entrepreneurs. The Bank is already rolling out its ENABLE (Empowering Novel Agri-Business Led Employment) Youth initiative, in partnership with the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture.

The ENABLE Youth program seeks to bolster youth entrepreneurship in agriculture and agri-business. The initiative will see the Bank train the next generation of agriculture entrepreneurs, also referred to as ‘agri-preneurs’, in several countries, and provide them with seed money through banks to finance their bankable business plans.

10th African Development Forum to Go Beyond Sensational Debate on Migration – says ECA’s Hamdok

Africa’s foremost thinkers on migration will convene in Addis Ababa for the Tenth African Development Forum (ADF) in Addis Ababa Ethiopia from 15-17 November on the theme, “Migration and Africa’s transformation.” Jointly convened by the Economic Commission for Africa in partnership with the African Union and the African Development Bank, the Forum has become a unique platform for business, civil society and political leaders to thrash out some of the most pressing issues relating to Africa’s transformation.

“The theme stems from the recognition of the central role of migration as an important enabler for inclusive and sustainable development. We seek to raise awareness and deepen understanding of the role of international migration in promoting inclusive growth and transformation in Africa,” says ECA’s Chief Economist and Deputy Executive Secretary, Abdalla Hamdok.

Mr. Hamdok adds that the forum will provide an opportunity for African policy makers to analyze issues, review progress, discuss policy options, strengthen partnerships and explore consensus on devising suitable strategies for making migration work for Africa’s transformation.

“The central premise guiding the discussions at the Forum is that international migration plays a critical role in the continent’s endeavor to develop and improve welfare, peace and stability and provide jobs for our growing population,” he underlines.

He notes that Migration continues to shape dynamics across countries with the youth, mostly migrating in search of jobs and education.

The issue of migration has become a major subject of debate internationally. According to experts, some reports in the media have fed into existing stereotypes, especially on the numbers of Africans leaving the continent, the links to criminality, global asylum and related issues. This has entrenched a lopsided approach to the issue. Mr. Hamdok expects the Forum to elevate the discussion and aim to emerge with a deeper understanding of the issue.

Expected at the 10th edition of the ADF are African Heads of State and Government, policy makers, representatives from development partners, UN agencies, academia, civil society organizations and the private sector. A number of parallel events will take place from 13-14 November, whose aim will be to shape the outcomes of the Forum.

As in past such Forums, a consensus on a number of key questions of regional mobility on the continent, demographic dividend, skills and employment creation is expected. In addition, participants are expected to touch on leveraging human and financial resources of Africa’s diaspora and address new directions and trends in African migration.

The African Development Forum (ADF) is a flagship biennial event of the Economic Commission for Africa that offers a multi-stakeholder platform to debate, discuss and propose concrete strategies for Africa’s development.

The Forum is convened in collaboration with the African Union Commission, the African Development Bank and other key partners to establish an African-driven development agenda that reflects consensus on African development matters.

A number of targeted pre-events related to the theme will precede the Forum.

South Africans Brace for Water Restrictions

The Department of Water and Sanitation says it will continue with water restrictions across the country as the drought is far from over.

According to the department’s weekly report, national water storage is under increasing stress and shows a steady decline week-on-week.

“The Bloemfontein System, consisting of four dams serving mainly Mangaung, has revised its water restrictions to 30% [abstraction limit] for domestic and 75% for irrigation from the Caledon, which will be increased to 100% when transfers are made from Lesotho.

“Orange River has applied restrictions of 10% for domestic and industry, and 15% for irrigation. These restrictions are also applicable to transfer schemes from the Orange River,” the department said in statement on Thursday.

In KwaZulu-Natal, dams remain dangerously low with Klipfontein at 12.5%, Hluhluwe at 17.7% and Goedertrouw at 17.7%. All these dams are reported to be declining slightly week-on-week.

“The current restrictions for Goedertrouw dam will remain at 15% industry, 40% domestic and 80% irrigation, but these restrictions might increase if the situation does not improve,” the department warned.

The Vaal River System serving mainly Gauteng, Sasol and Eskom has also decreased by 0.3% to 53.1%. The Vaal Dam decreased to 32.5%, a decrease of 0.7% week-on-week.

Rand Water started with the reduction of supplies to their major customers on 6 September 2016, and it will take a few days before reaching the required 15% reduction.

The City of Johannesburg has also announced their revised restrictions on Monday and has established a task team to monitor the implementation of the restrictions. The task team will meet every Monday.

The department said even with normal rainy seasons, it will take a number of years for the system to stabilise.

“There is still a need to continue to intensify the enforcement of restrictions and to stretch the available water supplies,” the department said.

Meanwhile, Water and Sanitation Minister Nomvula Mokonyane is expected to attend and present the keynote address at the launch of new water initiative pioneered by the University of Cape Town.

The University of Cape Town has an interdisciplinary research institute focused on water scarcity. The ‘Future Water’ initiative is born out of the work of the institute in understanding water scarcity and related challenges.

The launch will be held at 4.30pm at the New Engineering Building, South Lane, Upper Campus on Thursday.

Botswana: BSE to Host Bond Market Conference

By Tebagano Ntshole

Gaborone — Botswana Stock Exchange (BSE) in collaboration with the Botswana Bond Market Association (BBMA) hosts the Bond Market Conference in October in a bid to support growth of the bond markets in the country.

Speaking at a press conference on Tuesday, BSE chief executive officer, Mr Thapelo Tsheole said the bond market was relatively illiquid but appreciated the fact that it had grown tremendously over the years.

He said at the end of 2015, the bond market accounted for 7.5 per cent of GDP, a modest improvement from 7.2 per cent in 2009. Mr Tsheole said the liquidity amounted to 8.5 per cent in 2015 compared to 5 per cent in 2009.

The total bond market capitalisation is close to a quarter, 24 per cent, of the total domestic equity market capitalisation.

He said the number of issued bonds had risen since the 1990's when there were only three bonds in comparison to 39 bonds listed on the BSE by 15 different issuers. Mr Tsheole said this year, they were expecting historic issuances. "All in all, we are better than we were about two decades ago, but we seriously recognise the need to address challenges that are slowing our growth and to do so as a collective," he said.

He said the BSE undertook a survey in 2010, among the bond market participants to try and understand the issues or structural impediments negatively affecting development of the bond market in Botswana.

"At the same time, we requested for recommendations that can address these structural impediments," he said.

Following the survey, they compiled the Botswana Bond Market Development Strategy.

Mr Tsheole said the BSE put together a Bond Market Steering Committee which comprised of the BSE and representatives from the market in 2011 to help the BSE drive the bond market development strategy.

"The committee was tasked with establishing the Botswana Bond Market Association and the Association was formally registered with the Registrar of Societies in September 2013," he said. He said the association has 24 corporate members and three individual members.

Mr Tsheole said the bonds were economically important hence they have chosen 'The Bond Market – A Pillar of the Economy' as the theme of the conference to be held October 6 at the Gaborone International Convention Centre (GICC).

He said the primary role of the conference was to bring together relevant stakeholders and participants in the bond market to engage in discussions on a wide range to topical issues covering the buildings blocks of a robust bond market.

Mr Tsheole said the African Development Bank (AfDB) has agreed to participate in the conference and said they considered them their strategic partner given their involvement in the development of local currency bond markets in Africa through their initiative called Africa Financial Markets Initiative (AFMI), which is under the African Domestic Bond Fund.

Kenya: Miraa Traders in Mandera Say Trade With Jubaland Still On

By Manase Otsialo

Miraa trade between Mandera and the neighbouring autonomous Jubaland state is going on normally despite the flights ban imposed by the Somali government.

Mandera Miraa Traders Association chairman Mohamed Abdi said it is business as usual between Mandera and Bula-hawa, Damasa and Borache in Jubaland.

The towns, which are near the Kenya-Somalia border, get daily miraa supplies from Mandera-based traders.

"We are receiving miraa from Maua in Meru County and supplying it to our customers in Somalia without any problem," he said.

"The flight ban has only affected plane transport to Mogadishu but our vehicles are transporting [miraa] to our customers across the border," he said.

Mandera gets three truck-loads of miraa from Maua daily, with each vehicle loaded with 1,500 kilogrammes or more of the crop.

SH3M DAILY

"We sell locally at Sh700 per kilo and Sh800 per kilo to clients in Somalia. The three vehicles make around Sh3.1 million daily," he said.

According to Mr Abdi, the flight ban is an unfair treatment to those depending on the crop for their livelihoods.

"Miraa has opened opportunities to many people locally and if totally banned, then it will leave many jobless," he said.

He, however, cited insecurity as the main challenge affecting miraa trade in the area, saying militants lay ambushes targeting their vehicles.